Environmental drivers of ectomycorrhizal communities in Europe's temperate oak forests

Laura M Suz, Nadia Barsoum, Sue Benham, Hans Peter Dietrich, Karl Dieter Fetzer, Richard Fischer, Paloma Garcia, Joachim Gehrman, Ferdinand Kristöfel, Miklos Manninger, Stefan Neagu, Manuel Nicolas, Jan Oldenburger, Stephan Raspe, Gerardo Sanchez, Hans Werner Schröck, Andrea Schubert, Kris Verheyen, Arne Verstraeten, Martin I Bidartondo

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    Ectomycorrhizal fungi are major ecological players in temperate forests but they are rarely used in measures of forest condition because large-scale, high-resolution, standardized and replicated belowground data is scarce. We carried out an analysis of ectomycorrhizas at 22 intensively-monitored long-term oak plots, across nine European countries, covering complex natural and anthropogenic environmental gradients. We found that at large scales mycorrhizal richness and evenness declined with decreasing soil pH and root density, and with increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Shifts in mycorrhizas with different functional traits were detected; mycorrhizas with structures specialized for long-distance transport related differently to most environmental variables than those without. The dominant oak-specialist Lactarius quietus, with limited soil exploration, responds positively to increasing N inputs and decreasing pH. In contrast, Tricholoma, Cortinarius and Piloderma species, with medium-distance soil exploration, show a consistently negative
    response. We also determined N critical loads for moderate (9.5 – 13.5 kg N ha-1 yr-1) and drastic (17 kg N ha-1 yr-1) changes in belowground mycorrhizal root communities in temperate oak forests. Overall, we generated the first baseline data for ectomycorrhizal fungi in the oak forests sampled, identified nitrogen pollution as one of their major drivers at large scales, and revealed fungi that individually and/or in combination with others can be used as belowground indicators of environmental characteristics.
    Oorspronkelijke taalEngels
    TijdschriftMolecular Ecology
    Volume23 (22)
    Pagina's (van-tot)5628-5644
    Aantal pagina’s17
    ISSN0962-1083
    PublicatiestatusGepubliceerd - 26-sep.-2014

    Taxonomische lijst

    • paddenstoelen (Fungi)
    • mycorrhiza

    Beleidsmatig

    • bosbescherming
    • bodembescherming
    • beleid inzake emissies van luchtpolluenten

    Geografische lijst

    • Europa

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