Risk Assessment for African clawed frog Xenopus laevis (Daudin, 1802): Risk assessment developed under the "Study on Invasive Alien Species – Development of risk assessments to tackle priority species and enhance prevention" Contract No 07.0202/2017/763379/ETU/ENV.D2

There is a need to provide evidence-based assessments of the risks posed by invasive alien species (IAS) to underpin policies and prioritise action. Here we present ten risk assessments and associated management annexes for IAS selected following a prioritisation exercise. The selected species were Polygonum polystachyum, syn. Koenigia polystachya (Himalayan Knotweed), Solenopsis richteri (Black Imported Fire Ant), Solenopsis geminata (Tropical fire ant), Cydalima perspectalis (box tree moth), Callosciurus finlaysonii (Finlayson's squirrel), Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog), Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog), Morone americana (white perch), Perna viridis (Asian Green mussel), Lagocephalus sceleratus (Silver-cheeked toadfish). The risk assessments and associated management annexes were produced alongside tasks to develop and maintain a risk assessment template and to collect evidence on management techniques, implementation costs and cost-effectiveness. A two-day workshop was held to finalise the risk assessments following peer-review. The risk assessments will be used as evidence to inform whether the target species should be considered for inclusion on the list of invasive alien species of Union concern under Regulation (EU) 1143/2014 on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species (the IAS Regulation).